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(1983) 1 MLJ 175 (SC)
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
Present : Y.V. Chandrachud, C.J., P.N. Bhagwati, S.R. Sarkaria, A.C. Gupta and N.L. Untwalia, JJ.
Case Number(s) : Crl.A.No. 273 of 1979 and W.P. Nos. 564, 165, 179, 168, 434, 89 etc of 1979.
Judgement Date :
Monday 16th of August 1982
| Bachan Singh | .....Appellant(s) | | Versus | | | State of Punjab | .....Respondent(s) |
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(A) Precedents — Principle of stare decisis — Applicability — Limitations — Question as to the constitutional validity of death penalty for murder — Held, decision in Jagmohan’s case was not a bar for reconsideration by Court.
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(B) Penal Code (XL V of 1360), section 302 — Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (II of 1974), section 354 (3) — Death penalty for murder provided in section 302 of Penal Code — Constitutional validity — If off ends Article 14 or 21 of the Constitution of India (1950).
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(C) Constitution of India (1950), Article 19 — Law challenged as imposing restrictions on freedom guaranteed by Article 19(1) — Burden of proof.
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(D) Constitution of India (1950), Articles 14 and 21 — Law imposing death penalty — Constitutional validity challenged — Burden of proof.
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(E) Constitution of India (1950), Part III — Challenge to statute as of finding fundamental rights — Resolution of question by Court — ‘Object and form test’ or the ‘pith and substance rule’ — Applicability.
Cases Referred
Jagmohan v. State of UP. [1973] 2 S.G.J. 365; A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 947 : [1973] M.L.J. (Crl.) 554
State of Washington v. Dawson and Company [1923] 264 U.S. 219
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India [1978] 2 S.C.J. 312; [1978] 1 S.C.C. 248; [1978] 2 S.C.R. 621; A.I.R. 1978 S.C. 597
Dalbir Singh v. State of Punjab [1979] 2 S.C.J. 314; [1979] 3 S.C.C. 745; [1979] S.C.C. (Crl.) 848; [1979] 3 S.C.R. 1059; A.I.R. 1979 S.C. 1384 : [1979] M.L.J. (Crl.) 681
Minerva Mills Ltd v. Union of India [1980] 2 S.C.C. 591; [1981] 1 S.C.R. 206; A.I.R. 1980 S.C. 1789
Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. The International Airport Authority of India [1979] 3 S.C.R. 1014; [1979] 3 S.C.C. 489; A.I.R. 1979 S.C. 1628
Deo. d. Hindson v. Kersey [1975] at page 53
A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras 1950 S.C.J. 174; 1950 S.C.R. 88; A.I R. 1950 S.C. 27 : [1950] 2 M.L.J. 42
Franci Coralie Mullen v. Administrator, Union Territory of Delhi [1981] 2 S.C.J. 18; 1981 Crl.L.J. 306; [1981] 1 S.C.C. 608; [1981] S.C.C. (Crl.) 212; [1981] 2 S.C.R. 516; A.I.R. 1981 S.C. 746 : [1981] M.L.J. (Crl.) 331
Rajendra Prasad v. State of U. P. 1979 Crl.L.J. 792; [1979] 3 S.C.C. 646; [1979] S.C.C. (Crl.) 749; A.I.R. 1979 S.C. 916
Furman v. Georgia [1972] 408 U.S. 238
Medley, In re [1888-89] 134 U.S. 160
Saghir Ahmed v. State of U. P. 1954 S.C.J. 819; [1955] 1 S.C.R. 707; A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 728
Khyerbari Tea Company v. State of Assam [1964] 5 S.C.R. 975; A.I.R. 1964 S.C. 925
B. Banerjee v. Anita Pan [1976] 1 S.C.J. 274; [1975] 1 S.C.C. 166; [1975] 2 S.C.R. 774; A.I.R. 1975 S.C. 1146
Ram Krishna Dalmia v. S. R. Tendolkar 1959 S.C.J. 47; [1959] 1 An.W.R. (S.C.) 67; 1959 S.C.R. 279; A.I.R. 1958 S.C. 538 : [1959] 1 M.L.J. (S.C.) 67
State of Bombay v. R. M. D. Chamarbaugwala 1957 S.C.J. 607; [1957] 2 An.W.R. (S.C.) 87; 1957 S.C.R. 874; A.I.R. 1957 S.C. 699 : [1957] M.L.J. (Crl.) 558; [1957] 2
Pathumma v. State of Kerala [1978] 2 S.C.R. 537; [1978] 2 S.C.C. 1; A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 771
Mohd. Hanif v. State of Bihar 1958 S.C.J. 975; 1959 S.C.R. 629; A.I.R. 1958 S.C. 731 : [1958] M.L.J. (Crl.) 727
State of Madras v. V. J. Row 1952 S.C.J. 253; 65 L.W. 420; 1952 S.C.R. 597; A.I.R. 1952 S.C. 196 : [1952] 2 M.L.J. 135
Greg v. Georgia [1976] 428 U.S. 153
Goker v. Georgia [1977] 433 U.S. 584
Locketre v. Ohio [1978] 438 U.S. 586
Rex v. Miller and Cockriell 70 D.L.R. [3d) 324
Ediga Anamma v. State of Andhra Pradesh 1974 Crl.L.J. 683; [1974] S.C.C. (Crl.) 479; [1974] 4 S.C.C. 443; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 799
People v. Oliver 1 N.Y. 2dd. 152
Commonwealth v. O’ Neal (No. 2) 339 NE. 2d. 676.
Fowler v. North Carolina (1976) 96 S. Ct. 3212.
Bishnu Deo Shaw v. Slate of West Bengal 1979 Crl.L.J. 841; A.I.R. 1979 S.C. 964
Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab [1979] 3 S.C.C. 727
McGactha v. California [1971] 402 U.S. 183
Babu v. State of U. P. [1966] 1 S.C.J. 287; [1965] 2 Crl.L.J. 539; A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 1467 : [1966] M.L.J. (Crl.) 215
Mukhtiar Singh v. State of Punjab 1971 Crl.L.J. 1298; A.I.R. 1971 S.C. 1864
Nasalti v. State of U. P. [1965] 1 S.C.J. 605; [1965] 1 Crl.L.J. 226; A.I.R. 1965 S.C. 202 : [1965] M.L.J. (Crl) 312
Gurcharan Singh v. Stale of Punjab 1963] 1 Crl.L.J. 323; A.I.R. 1963 S.C. 40
State of V. P. v. Samman Das [1973] 2 S.C.J. 345; 1972 Crl.L.J. 487; A.I.R. 1972 S.C. 677 : [1973] M.L.J. (Crl.) 504
Raghubir Singh v. State of Haryana 1974 Crl.L.J. 603; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 677
Gurdas Singh v. State of Rajasthan 1975 4 S.C.C. 490; A.I.R. 1975 S.C. 1411
Bhagwan Swarup v. State of U. P. 1971 Crl.L.J. 413; A.I.R. 1971 S.C. 429
Raghomani v. State of U. P. [1976] 4 S.C.C. 297; A.I.R. 1977 S.C. 703
Chawla v. State of Haryana [1974] 4 S.C.C. 379; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 1039
Bhoor Singh v. State of Punjab [1974] 4 S.C.C. 754; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 1256
State of Punjab v. Hari Singh [1974] 2 S.C.J. 302; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 1168
Rishideo v. State of U. P. 1955 Crl.L.J. 873; A.I.R. 1955 S.C. 331
Bharwad Mepa Dana v. The State of Bombay 1960 S.C.J. 478; [1970] 2 S.C.R. 172; 1960 Crl.L.J. 424; A.I.R. 1960 S.C. 289 : [1960] M.L.J. (Crl.) 398
Vasant Laxman More v. State of Maharashtra 1974 4 S.C.C. 778; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 1697
Lajar Masih v. State of U. P. [1976] 1 SC.C. 806; A.I.R. 1976 S.C. 653
Sunil Batri v. Delhi Administration 1978 Crl.L.J. 1741; A.I.R. 1978 S.C. 1675
District Attorney for the Suffolk District Watson, Mass Ad v. Sh. In re. [1980]
R. C. Cooper v. Union of India [1970] S.C.J. 564; [1970] 3 S.C.R. 530; A.I.R. 1970 S.C. 564
Shambhu Nath Sarkar v. State of West Bengal [1974] 1 S.C.R. 1; A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 1425
Haradhan Saha v. State of West Bengal [1975] 1 S.C.R. 778; A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 23 54
Khudirm Das v. State of West Bengal [1975] 2 S.C.R. 832; A.I.R. 1975 S.C. 550
K. K. Kochunai v. State of Madras and Kerala [1960] 3 S.C.R. 887; A.I.R. 1960 S.C. 1080
State of Bombay v. Bhanji Munji [1955] 1 S.C.R. 777; A.I.R. 1955 S.C. 41
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